The Effects Of Video Games On Children - 1865 Words

The Effects of Video Games Normally when a child acts out, misbehaves, or shows violence people might try and link this bad behavior to something in the child’s life. Video games are often the target for such accusations. It makes sense that with all of the violent content television and video games have to offer with shows like Game of Thrones or games like Grand Theft Auto, that it is no wonder children show signs of violence, right? Then why does developmental psychologist Dr. Marilyn Price Mitchell disagree that video games are the sole cause of violence in children? Video games have many times been linked to violence in children; however, studies have shown that they may have more of a positive influence than one might think. Video games are not to be blamed for violent behavior in children because the potentially negative effect they have could be avoided by simply educating children about the bad content featured on certain games. Many times people argue that video games create or promote violent behavior in children. While this may be partially true, there are in fact children who can separate fantasy from reality and not dwell on the emotional effects of the game when it is over. I am someone who puts in anywhere from 12 to 30 hours a week during the school year, and even more over the summer, on video games and I have not exhibited any violent behavior to anyone. In fact, I have never been in a physical fight or hit anyone. I have played games such as Dead Space,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Video games have always been a controversial type of entertainment, that may come from how relatively new video games are compared to other mediums of entertainment[1]. Maybe because of that when a violent crime occurs and the culprit has played a lot of games the media is quick to point at violent games as the reason for the crime, but is that true or are the media just biased or looking for quick views, this report aims to answer that question. Do games affect our way of thinkingRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Children Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesScreening to a halt: Are parents in New Zealand able to identify signs of dependency or addiction in their children due to over use of screen-time from the recreational use of video games? Digital technology and the vast amount of video games have increased the amount of screen time consumption in contemporary New Zealand society. The saturation of smart phones, ipad’s, tablets, computers, game consoles and the Internet are devices with the means of connection to gaming. Many New Zealand families integrateRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and the media† stated â€Å"The rising popularity of video games hasRead MoreThe Effects of Video and Video Games on Children2043 Words   |  8 Pagesaction, usually in a cartoon, movie, or video game. For many of us, Disney is where we refer back to early forms of animation with the idea of using thousands of consecutive drawings; through Disney, we can now see how far this idea of breathing life into static objects has advanced. Today, animation is becoming more and more realistic. With highly advanced technology and computer programs, it has become easier for simple cartoons to develop into what children see as real life. These animated cartoonsRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1548 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Games Introduction Today video games are a staple in most households. It is pretty amazing to know that the first creation of games date all the way back to the 1900s. They were not originally invented to make a profit, but to give patients something to do while waiting in the lobby of an office. One inventor had a simple idea of using the monitor not just as a television set, but as a way to play games. College students were just playing around with equipment and happened upon something greatRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children927 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are a more interesting form of entertainment for the simple reason that players may become part of the game’s plot. Video games were invented for many years now. However, the current variety of games raised concerns about how they affect the children s behavior due to the fact that the games are becoming more sophisticated. Children spend most of their free time playing video games. Sometimes children refrain from completi ng important duties and dedicate all of their time playing videoRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children940 Words   |  4 Pageswas bored they went outside to play, they created new games, or they played with friends. But, for the past three decades, video games and other digital media have been persuading many adolescents and children to spend the majority of their time playing them. Video games seem to satisfy children’s natural need to interact socially, however more often than not, they lead to social isolation. Overexposure to digital media, such as video games is detrimental to the health and function of a child’sRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children1519 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games in the 21st century have transformed from friendly competing into guns, explosions, and major violence. Video games are getting away with more violence every year and the games are becoming more extreme. The consistence and severity of violence is at an a ll-time high leading the most popular games in the gaming community to have a ‘mature’ rating due to the considerable amount of violence involved. For example, one of the highest selling video games of all time grossing one billion itsRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1656 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction For more than 30 years, video gaming has been a popular activity amongst many of America’s children. With over $63 billion (Reuters, reuters.com) worth sold each year, video games are here to stay. While much controversy has arisen over the subject, video games have benefited the United States of America and its citizens to a great degree. For example, the military and CIA use gaming to train soldiers (Davidson, www.ehow.com), and classrooms use video games to teach students. The potentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe world of today has developed in a way that even children are affected by technology. They enjoy video games in their leisure time and even prefer them to studying that, in its turn, can contribute to their poor performance in the class. These days, video games have become an issue that has brought concern to many people from parents to scholars about their potential effect on the future of children through influenci ng their conduct. They feel that the violent behavior or any other negative consequence

Student Loan Example

Essays on Student Loan Research Paper Loan of the of the Answer I am planning to pursuit 4 years Bachelor of Technology degree I will pursuit my graduation in Electronics and Communication Engineering. In this graduation course, different aspects of the electronics and telecommunication engineering are thought. After the completion of this graduation course I will get job opportunities in several recognized electronics and communication organizations. Answer 2 In case of private institution my college education will cost almost $100000 in 4 years. In case of state owned institution it will cost almost $80000. Answer 3 I will stick to my graduation completion plan. I will not take up any extra course of interest. This 4 years long course requires significant amount of concentration and dedication. I don’t want to distract myself from the original course. I want to give my best and full effort to this course which will be fruitful for me in future. Answer 4 Unfortunately, if I fail in this course or dropout then I will not be able to repay my educational loan because I will also not get any job from the campus placement, neither from any off-campus interview. So, it will not be possible for me to repay the loan by myself. In that case bank might pressurize me and my co borrower to repay the loan. Answer 5 Yes it is obliviously necessary for me to pass all the courses. According to the criterion of FASA, students should maintain minimum stipulated GPA to get the continuous financial aids. This regulation has increased the importance of each and every course during the graduation. If I fail in any one or more than one courses then my GPA will be below the threshold limit to get the financial aid. Answer 6 Current economic crisis will affect the financial aid in negative ways. Financial institution like banks will be directly affected by the slowing economy. Banks will face significant liquidity problems to lend the money. Banking organizations will not give the loans easily they will give loan after lots of back ground checking. Interest rates of loans repayment will be significantly high. Answer 7 There are significant changes have taken place. The Federal Government has increased its subsidized student loan interest rate by two times. The new interest rate will be 6.8%. Brown’s bill came into the picture to resurrect the situation by 15% of the total outstanding student debt. Answer 8 Cosigning, co-borrowing or guarantying a student loan is significantly risky because hundred percent responsibility lies with the co-borrower to repay the loan. In most of the cases, there is no other way to avoid the repayment of student loan. According to the Federal law, student loan has no statute limitations. Banks can ask for student loan for indefinite period of time from the co borrower. Answer 9 The act of cosigning can affect the co-signers credit availability significantly. If the borrower could not able to repay the loan then the whole onuses lie with the cop borrower. If the co borrower fails to repay then it will dent co borrower’s credit availability. In future, the co-borrower will face significant difficulty to get any loan or will not be able to cosign for any other loan. Answer 10 There are significant disadvantages for the student s with outstanding educational loan and no job prospect. If there are no job prospects for the students then they will not be able to repay the existing loans. If the existing loans are not repaid, then the students will not be able to apply for another loan for further education. Answer 11 According to the Federal law, student loan is not volatile it can haunt the loan defaulter at any point of time in future. If student default in his educational loan then it can result in wage or salary garnishment in future. Even it can be problematic for the students in terms of future employment scope because, now days, employers are checking the credit reports of their potential employees. Answer 12 There are no as such direct consequences for the college in case of student loan defaulter. But indirect consequences are certainly there. It may hamper the reputation of the collage. In future students who are considering for joining that collage, banks may not sanction the student loan for them. Answer 13 According to the research of Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, student loan debt has reached as high as $1.2 trillion. In between that $1 trillion is from the debt of Federal loan only. It is the second highest form of the Federal debt right behind the mortgage debt. Overall Federal debt is $16.7 trillion and current student rate of default 12.31%. Loan default rate (Source: Stratford, 2012) The above picture is indicating increasing trends of student loan default in US. Answer 14 The default does affect the economic outlook significantly. It increases the fiscal deficit of the country. It contributes to the overall debts of the country’s economy. Recently US economy on the recovery phase but this kind of high student loan default has stalled the economic growth (Khalfani, 2007). The amount of loan default increased abnormally and has reached up to $1 trillion. Answer 15 Financial consequences for the future generation will be severe. The next generation will come to this beautiful world with pressure of huge debts. The Federal law will not allow to foregone the student loan debt. In this case parents will not be able to save enough money for their future generations. Answer 16 Competitive advantages of the nation can be significantly hampered. It affects the nation’s economy directly in a negative way (Heller Callender, 2013, pp. 89-90). The rest of the world will consider USA as a debt ridden country. Different credit rating organizations will lower the ratings of the nation which will be an absolute competitive disadvantage for the country. Answer 17 Students have to repay their loans to the banks. The loan pay off comprises of principal and interest payments. Interests are calculated on the basis of principal amount. The particular rates on which interests are calculated are called interest rates. Answer 18 Amortization schedule is a table which calculates periodic blended loan payment. The schedule indicates the amount of principal and interest for an educational loan payment. It is a structured process of repaying debts over a stipulated time and it considers regular payment of the loan. Answer 19 The first student loan payment will start after the expiry of the allotted tenure and grace period. Every student is provided with certain grace periods after the completion of school, collages and drop out below half time enrollment for settling their financial situations. Answer 20 Yes, it is wise to start paying student loan during the school or college time. It reduces the burden of spending too much amount of money at a time (OConnell, 2004, pp. 112-113). Student should try to pay at least the interest of the loan on a regular basis during the school or college time. Answer 21 Consolidation of student loan is a contradictory matter. It can provide benefits in terms of lower monthly payments, simplifies the bill and minimizes the responsibility. On the other hand consolidation of debt will lead to significant head ache of paying too much of money in one time. References Heller, D. E. Callender, C., (2013). Student financing of higher education: a comparative perspective. New York: Routledge. Khalfani, L., (2007). Zero debt for college grads: from student loans to financial freedom. New York: Kaplan Publishing. OConnell, B., (2004). Free yourself from student loan debt: get out from under once and for all. New York: Kaplan Publishing. Stratford, M., (2012). Default rate on federal student loans rises again. Retrieved from: http://chronicle.com/article/Default-Rate-on-Federal/134786.

Sports Essay Free Essays

Kevin Walters Go Team! Sports have become a huge part of this country’s culture, and the sports fans make up a good portion of the population. Every other conversation you hear, whether it be at the water cooler or in a bar, has something to do with some big play or blown call that happened the night before. The popularity of sports has grown magnificently in just the last 24 years that I have been a sports fan. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now What used to be all the men yelling and cussing at the TV, has become almost as popular to women. Whether it is football, basketball, or baseball, these fans come in all different shapes and sizes. If you are a follower of a team, a bandwagon fan, a fair weather fan, or a die-hard fan, we are all part of a great family of sports fans that make for a good time and some awesome conversation. The followers, as I like to call them, are just your basic fan of a specific sports team. They are with that team and will stick by them through thick and thin, but they wouldn’t mind being able to not watch a game if it got in the way of previous plans. These fans may have a few shirts or maybe a hat or two of their favorite team but unless it’s game day, they don’t go out of their way to show that pride. A follower will usually not care to spend the money on tickets to actually go watch a game, but if they are given tickets or invited to go see a game with some friends, they will not hesitate to say yes. Being a follower is not a bad thing. It’s a safe position as far as being a fan of a certain team, because if your team wins you can cheer and brag to all your friends, but when they lose you don’t have that â€Å"heartbreak† that comes with the other types of fans. The bandwagon fan is one of the most hated categories of fans that you could possibly be. A bandwagon fan is the type of fan that likes to cheer for the team that is most likely to win. These fans are usually fairly knowledgeable in the sport they are cheering for and will usually do their homework on whichever team they are cheering for that week. Bandwagoners will do what they can to make sure they are able to watch every game, this way they can see who plays good and bad and decide who they want to cheer for. When it comes to clothes, a bandwagon fan’s closet will look like a rainbow of sorts of different sports teams. They have a jersey from 4 or 5 different teams that they like to switch between just to be ready in case one team is their favorite that week. Bandwagon fans enjoy going to watch a live game, and will cheer for whichever team is picked to win. Being a bandwagon is, like a follower, a very safe type of fan to be. Besides the fact that you will be hated by any true fans, you have the luxury of switching teams the next week if your team performs poorly. Fair weather fans are the types of fans that hurt a team the most of all. These fans absolutely love their team at the season’s start, but if the team begins to struggle and shows no hope of doing well that year, these fans will disappear like ghosts. If the team is doing good and satisfying their expectations, a fair weather fan will do whatever they need to do to be able to watch the games on TV so they can be there to cheer them on. These fans make themselves very noticeable towards the middle of the season. Fair weather fans will dress up in all the team colors and wave the team flag as if they were the truest fans ever but as soon as the team starts losing, the clothes get hung in the back of closet and the flags get taken town and put up in storage until the start of the next season. They will be the first ones in line to buy tickets to the opening home game, but a fair weather fan will never be a season ticket holder. A fair weather fan is a safe fan to be, but it is also a sad fan. These fans are the reason that games get blacked out on TV because the team can’t sell tickets to the game. The last category of fans is the die-hard fan. These fans are absolutely crazy about their team, win or lose. They will fight with you and argue with you until the end and tell you why their team is the best, no matter what the record might say. Die-hard fans will request days off work and make plans around their team if that’s what it takes to be able to watch the big game. This fan will wear at least one article of clothing of his favorite team at least 6 days out of the week, even if they get blown out the week prior. These kinds of fans will be your season ticket holders. They will make every game and be one of the first ones to the stadium. Die-hard fans are the best sports fans in my opinion. They are so passionate and so dedicated to their team, that it can easily be the most dangerous type of fan to be. If a die-hard fan’s favorite team loses, it can ruin his whole week, but as soon as they play again, he is right there cheering them on as if it was the Super Bowl or the World Series. Fans are what keep sports alive all around the world. If these sports or teams didn’t have these kinds of fans, they wouldn’t be able to exist. Sports have become a lifestyle in this country and the fans have become a strong community. I couldn’t imagine what America or the world would be like without sports. Being the die-hard fan that I am of my favorite sports team, I just don’t know how I would function with my Florida Gators. So whether you are a follower, fair weather, bandwagon, or die-hard fan, keep cheering and keep passing down the tradition of being a sports fan in America. How to cite Sports Essay, Essay examples

History of Google chrome

Question: Write an essay on History of Google Chrome ? Answer: History of Google chrome Google chrome (Miskelly, 2013) is a web browser which free. Simply we can download it free of cost. Google chrome is liberating as beta version in 2008 for Microsoft windows. Google chrome is very popular browser that support and run on all platforms like computer, mobile, tablets.In the month of February Google commenced google chrome beta version for android device. Google chrome use webkit rendering engine thats make this browser faster. Its displays pages very fast in comparison with other browers.Google chrome ('Tri-chrome plating process', 2010) give the facility to search history, to open a new tab to delete the history The software developers have to manage its system development by using different development methodology. The software developer works on different phrase to solve the problem. Very common methodology comprises like prototyping models, waterfall model, spiral model, incremental development models. These are all life cycle model to review or to make software. The main purpose of building SDLC (system development life cycle) to make a structured and reliable products. These models are useful to start a work from the starches. Waterfall model is a chronological development approach. It has several phases like requirement analysis and specification; designing of software, coding, implementation. Testing and maintenance. Different type of models are present to handle the different type of software which responsible for the success of any software product and services. Developing the software by using SDLC methodology There are different methods used to develop and design development process (Finkbeiner, n.d.). There are many models available through which we can used to develop software for further use and added more feature to the existing product .the different models are waterfall model, incremental model, spiral model, prototypes model. Each process mode; have to follow a life cycle to ensure success in software development. Software development life cycle comprises six phases. They are 1. Gathering of require information and analysis-all the useful and relevant information (Finkbeiner, n.d.) is gathered in this phase. Its concern with who is going to use the product? How they going to use it. 2. Designing of the software After gathering all relevant information and analysis they focus on designing the system. 3. Coding-After completing the designing phase coding is done. 4. Testing the product-Testing is important of system life cycle model to ensure that the product meets all the need of the customers .this can be done by unit testing, integration testing, system testing. 5.Maintenances and reviews-After the completion of testing phase the product is delivered to customers and proper feedback is taken from the customers to know their need and what features needed to add to fulfill the customer satisfaction. Conclusion The Google chrome is very flexible web browser which has been developed by windows. It is very simple to use which make its flexible. Google chrome is easy to install as it is free to download which provide nice GUI so most of the people are now using this web browser. Google chrome provides many facility like bookmarking, opening a new tab, deleting history and many more features are there in google chrome is assume that to popularity of chrome is increasing day by day. References Adeniji, A., Lee, S. (2010). Assimilating and Optimizing Software Assurance in the SDLC.International Journal Of Secure Software Engineering,1(4), 62-80. doi:10.4018/jsse.2010100104 Finkbeiner, M.Towards life cycle sustainability management. Miskelly, M. (2013).Encyclopedia of major MARKETINGstrategies. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale/Cengage Learning. Tri-chrome plating process. (2010).Metal Finishing,108(10), 43. doi:10.1016/s0026-0576(10)80176-x

Tom Buchanan Example of Arrogance Essay Example For Students

Tom Buchanan Example of Arrogance Essay The 1920s, ten years of thriving life in America. People living the good life and people living in the slumps. East Egg, the prominent community of the old rich. People who have known money all their lives. West Egg, the up and coming community of the newly rich. Manhattan, the city of life. The Valley of Ashes, separating the Eggs from the city. Symbolizing the poor. An aftermath of the industrial revolution. Four regions making up Long Island. In between them, the Long Island Sound. A stretch of water cutting through the land, separating the East from the West. All peoples living inside having the same American dream. All wanting to become successful and well loved, but most of all having money was a top priority for all of them. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, the character Tom Buchanan believes that just because he has lots of money, it enables him to look down on others as inferior. Tom Buchanan is married to Daisy Baker, cousin of Nick Carraway. In his first meeting w ith Nick, who he knew from collage at New Haven, Nick sees Toms arrogance. To Nick, it seems that Tom uses his money mostly as an excuse to make himself seem higher than other people around him. Even to Nick. He applies this opinion of himself on many occasions, maybe not directly, but non the less his subliminal point gets across. Like saying just because Im stronger and more of a man than you are(pg.11) implies that his arrogance is there. To Tom, his money justifies his actions towards others no matter what they are. He believes that his money lets him justify his racial slurs. His biggest prejudice is that the white race is superior and this is evident when he tells Nick of the book, The Rise of the Coloured Empires. Toms idea is that if they dont look out, the white race will be utterly submerged(pg. 17). The reason he can say these things, he feels, is that because he is so rich nobody can touch him. Even with people closest to him. Such as Daisy, his wife. Even with her, he f eels that he can get away with anything and insult her with his arrogance. Take his relationship with Myrtle. Right under Daisys nose he has the audacity cheat on her. He even takes Nick to go see Myrtle. Were getting off! he insisted I want you to meet my girl.(pg. 28) He said this to Nick. Nick, Daisys second cousin once removed. He also finds the time to disrespect Myrtle when she mentions Daisy. By yelling at her and even beating her. He make a short deft movement and broke her nose with his open hand.(pg. 41) By doing this, he shows that looks down on even Myrtle and Daisy. When things are the worst for him, Tom Buchanan runs to his money and hides behind it. Same with Daisy. They were careless people, Tom and Daisy- they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever kept them together.(pg. 184) It was their money that kept them together. They used their money as shields. Used it also as an excuse and a reason to look down on others. Bibliography: We will write a custom essay on Tom Buchanan Example of Arrogance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

KONSEPTONG PAPEL Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

KONSEPTONG PAPEL Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers John Stephen PeraltaPAGSULAT BSN 1A KONSEPTONG PAPEL Kahulugan Ang konseptong papel ay unang mahalagang hakbang bago magpatuloy sa pagsusulat. Isa rin itong gabay upang maipakita ang potensyal sa gagawing pag-aaral. Ito ay hindi lalagpas ng limang pahina. Isaalang-alang din ang babasa ng papel. Nararapat iayon ang salitang gagamitin sa antas ng mga babasa nito, kaya nararapat na hind imaging teknikal kung hindi ito ang oryentasyon ng mambabasa. Katangian ng Konseptong Papel Paggalang sa ibang pananaw Ang pantay na paglahad ng ideya Organisado Bahagi ng Konseptong Papel 1.Rasyunal (rationale) Gaya ng natalakay sa unang bahagi, taglay ng rasyunal ang pinagmulan ng ideya o kadahilanan kung bakit napili ang isang paksa. Ang kabuluhan at kahalagahan ng naturang paksa o pag aaral ay inilalahad sa puntong ito. 2.Layunin (objective) Ang hangarin o pakay ng pag aaral na nais matamo mapiling paksa. Maari itong pangkalahatang (general) o tiyak (specific). Sa pangkalahatang layunin, ipinahayag nito ang kabuuang layon, nais gawin, mangyari o matamo sa pananaliksik. Sa tiyak na layunin, ipinapahayag nito ang ispesipikong sa pananaliksik sa paksa. 3.Metolohiya (metology) Ang paraan (technique) at pamamaraan (method) ginagamit sa pagkuha ng datos at pagsusuri ng piniling paksa sa pananaliksik ay nasa bahagi ng metolohiya. Maaring gamitin sa pagkuha ng datos ang serbey, questionnaire, case study, obserbasyon, interbyu at iba pa. Kung magsusuri, magagamit ang paraang empirical, komparatibo, interpretasyon o pagpapakahulugan. Magagamit ang mga ito depende sa larangang gagamitin. 4.Inaasahang bunga (expected, outcome, output) Ilalahad sa bahaging ito ang resulta ng isinasagawa ang pananaliksik. Maaring banggitin ditto ang mga idinagdag gaya ng apendiks.

Book Report #2 for Rabbi School Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Book Report #2 for Rabbi School - Research Paper Example It is through intelligent inquiry into the nature of reality that the phenomena begin to emerge as an important part of understanding the existence of man. In a section that he calls The Disparity of Soul and Reason, Heschel (1976) begins by suggesting that we are far more aware of what is unknown at an earlier time in life than aware of what is actually known. He makes emphatic statement that â€Å"Soul and reason are not the same† (Heschel, 1976, p. 7). This sets the stage for an understanding of how the unknown is such an important part of the acceptance of faith. In addition, he makes an argument for the idea of how it is so easy to lose track of a sense of amazement, sending reason over the wonder that evokes the sense of God within the soul. As he introduces his thoughts, he has created a sense of admonishment to those who would fail to see the world through the sense of wonder that comes from the grandeur of the essence of God. The author is adamant about the problem of human beings trying to use reason instead of depending on faith. Heschel (1976) turns the tables in terms of how companionship between man and God takes place, stating that God intends for man to have a place in companionship with Him. Eventually, he wrote that ‘God is unwilling to be alone, and man cannot forever remain impervious to what He wants to show† (Heschel, 1976, p. 91). He emphasizes the originality of each relationship that individuals create with God. It is through an inability to be able to understand God that brings us closer as the inconceivable ability of the existence of God becomes the basis on which to assert that He is real. There is a point where he goes back to discussing the concept of God and how man often constructed concepts of gods that were more human than divine. Heschel (1976) quotes Xenophones who wrote â€Å"Homer and Hesiod have ascribed to the gods all the things that are shame and a disgrace among mortals,

Critical Appraisal 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Appraisal 1 - Research Paper Example The major study concepts include: sleep loss (deprivation or disruption) and cognitive-behavioral outcomes such as decreased sleep duration, increased daytime sleepiness, decreased alertness/drowsiness (vigilance) and increased accidents/errors (nurse & patients). Variable Identification and Definitions Independent Variable: Fatigue Countermeasures Program for Nurses (FCMPN) Conceptual Definition: â€Å"The 60-minute education component of the FCMPN included information about fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms: neurobehavioral and health effects associated with sleep loss or deprivation; and misconceptions about sleepiness. Strategies for managing alertness, minimizing fatigue, and maximizing sleep duration and quality were highlighted †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The program is discussed in detail in Scott et al. (2010, p. 252) article. Operational Definition: â€Å"The underlying concept of most fatigue countermeasures programs is that fatigue management is a joint responsibility of the emp loying institution and each employee. Comprehensive programs to manage fatigue in work setting usually include the following six elements: (a) education and training, (b) compliance with hours of service regulation, (c) appropriate scheduling practices, (d) countermeasures that can be instituted in the work setting, (e) design (ergonometric) and technology (fail-safe designs), and (f) research† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 252). ... 254). Sleep Quality Conceptual Definition: Not conceptually defined but a likely definition is the weariness on waking and all through the day. Operational Definition: â€Å"Subjective quality of sleep was measured using the PSQI† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Daytime Sleepiness Conceptual Definition: Not conceptually defined but indicates the tiredness in individuals due to lack of or disruptive sleep. Operational Definition: â€Å"The ESS (Johns, 1991) was used to evaluate the severity of daytime sleepiness† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Vigilance Conceptual Definition: â€Å"It is the inability to remain alert during and after work† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Operational Definition: â€Å"Measured by drowsiness and unplanned sleep episodes at work and while driving† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Risk for Accidents and Errors Conceptual Definition: â€Å"Number of incidents of motor vehicle crashes (MVC)† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 255) and  "mistakes involving medication administration, patient care procedures, and transcript issues† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 256). Operational Definition: â€Å"Accident or error data was calculated using data from the participants’ daily logbooks† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Short-Term Memory: Conceptual Definition: â€Å"Mistakes involving medication administration, patient care procedures, and transcript issues† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 256). Operational Definition: â€Å"Error description was calculated using data from the participants’ daily logbooks† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Problem Solving and Coping Conceptual Definition: Not conceptually defined but a possible definition is the ability to intercept and discover errors. Operational Definition: â€Å"Error description was calculated using data

Effectiveness of HRD Programs (Public and Privet sector) in Oman Dissertation

Effectiveness of HRD Programs (Public and Privet sector) in Oman - Dissertation Example Sadly though, there has not been an effective way of measuring the impact of human resource development in Oman. Once this continuous, it becomes very difficult to tell whether or not human resource management in its entirety is effective in the country. Research Questions 1. How well are companies in the private and public in Oman adhering to human resource management practices as outlined for Gulf Cooperation Council countries? 2. How has human resource managers in various private and public institutions instituted the use of technology in the development of the skills, knowledge and abilities of their human resource? 3. How has the present state of human resource development impacted on employee turnover and employee performance? 4. What systematic plans are needed in the human resource development agenda to ensure effectiveness? Aims and Objectives The overall aim of the study is to identify the effectiveness of human resource development in the private and public sectors of Oman . To achieve this overall goal, the following specific objectives will be targeted so that the collective achievement of the objectives will constitute the singular achievement of the research aim (quote). 1. ... 4. To identify new systematic planners needed to lead the pace in what may be termed the new face of human resource development. General Methodology The present research follows the qualitative research method. This means that the researcher is going to dwell on the use of personalised and focused system of data collection rather than the use of numeric indexes that makes the use of complex mathematical calculations and presentations (quote). The need for the qualitative method emanates from the structure of the research questions and specific objectives, most of which are structured with inductive focus. A major advantage that will come with the qualitative method is that the researcher shall have the opportunity of widening the scope of data collection by using not just primary data but secondary data as well (quote). Data Collection Mechanisms In relation to the use the qualitative research method, the data collection mechanism is going to be selected on a basis that shall allow f or the collection of subjective inductive data (quote). In line with this, a structured interview is going to be used in the data collection process whereby open ended questions are going to be posed to respondents. These open ended questions are the type of questions that do not limit respondents on the selection of specified answers but gives them the freedom to undertake thorough analysis of questions (quote). Research Justification Significance of the Study The significance of the study is one that can be termed to be multivariate. This is because the significance of the study cuts across several sectors and involves a lot of people. For instance, by the end of the study, it is expected that human resource

The problem of Gun control in America

The problem of Gun control in America This is an ever growing problem of violence faces Americans. The streets are becoming a battleground where individuals are been beaten for their belongings, women are terrified and viciously attacked and raped, teenage gangsters are shooting it out for a patch of territories to sell their illegal drugs, and innocent children are been caught every day in the crossfire of drive by shootings which end up in seriously injured or die. Society cannot look the other way and ignore the damage that these criminals do to the society, and people must take appropriate actions to try to stop these horrors. This paper will analyze different aspect of this problem the nation is facing. Gun control may be called the acid test of liberalism. All liberals who call or think themselves as the true one must favor stricter gun controls. After all, does the United States of America have the most heavily armed population on the earth? Is the United States of America the worlds most violent people? Surely, these facts must be at least casually connected. Therefore the apparently desperate need to do something about the vast quantity of firearms and firearms abuse is a major concern. Guns are been used in an enormous number of crimes in this country. In other places in the world with stricter gun laws, gun crimes are rare. Many of the firearms or weapons involved in crime are cheap handguns, and sometime called Saturday night specials for which there is no legitimate use or need. The public is deeply concerned on the issue of gun control; anti-gun control activists believe or think that it is each and every Americans individual right to bear arms. The Second Amendment to the Constitution proves that the people have a choice to own weapons. A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, and it is the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Advocates of gun control said that even with multiple gun control laws already in existence, the serious problems are due to firearm misuse each and every day. Furthermore, the controls that have been designed have not been sufficiently effective or progress. Therefore, those who favor gun controllers argue, we need more uniform into the legislation, more extensive gun controls, and effective enforcement. Various pro-gun control organizations argue on methods of gun control needed. For more examples, there are individuals who would ban all weapons as well as those who take a less radical stand and who would simply increase the controls on firearms. The moderate gun control individuals or groups propose measures such as requiring an individual to successfully complete weapons safety course before being allowed to possess a gun or the individuals have to wait for a mandatory period of time before taking possession of a gun. Today, there maybe over more 20,000 different gun control laws in existence, ranging from those enacted by counties and states, and to those enacted by the federal government. When gun control is ineffective and tougher sentencing of criminals or offenders and stricter parole policies should do far more to combat crime. Statistics prove that Canada has less violent than the United States. Fewer weapons are only part of the story. The inner city slums of the United States of America are murderous, and bombed out looking places. When Americans visit Canadas big cities, they often ask where the bad individuals are. The answer usually is, there really arent any slums, because the lack of violence there reflects it. According to the Economist magazine, blacks are 12% of the United States population, and account for 48% of murders, mostly because the inner city blacks are killing one another. Most of these guns were not purchased from retail gun stores. Gun laws will not keep guns out of these ghettos (The Economist, 1993). One of the founding fathers included Second Amendment from the Constitution, because it was made very aware of the fact that there might once again come a time when American citizens would have to fight for their freedom. Of course guns fall in the wrong hands or hands of criminals are harmful. But taking away guns from honest individuals or law abiding citizens do nothing to solve the problem of those who would misuse guns. Criminals will always have guns or find ways to get them, whether we accept it or not. Even in other countries where guns are completely illegal, criminals will simply manufacture or smuggle weapons. The Soviet Army was unable to successfully impose gun control on the small country of Afghanistan. In the United States of America today, criminals import weapons (guns) that law abiding citizens are banned from possessing. What would happen if a nation with guns in every household? The nation is Switzerland. The Swiss does not have to fight a foreign war for over hundreds of years (the last fight in Switzerland was a one month affair in 1847), and their crimes rate is among the lowest in the world. The United States of America can only envy their record. To carry a firearm in the state of California, it requires a permit commonly called Carry Concealed Weapons. CCWs are issued by the discretion of the chief of police of a city of the County, or a sheriff of the County, where the applicants live. As long as the applicants or individuals passes the background check provided by California Department of Justice (DOJ), and a chief of police or a sheriff may issue permit to applicants. In California where Carrying Concealed Weapons permits are obtainable, some studies reveal that the following: when more individuals were armed, the crime rates dropped down proportionally. It is not a surprise that when more citizens are armed there is less crimes. The examples from California and Switzerland were evidence to the fact. Some freedoms have already been lost in this country; can we afford to lose more? With many firearms regulations are now in the books, we do not need more gun control laws. We need to start enforcing the laws that we have now. The government put in place many gun control laws, but some of the laws were made to make the public feel safer. For instance the government has banned some assault rifles, but they were not even used for most gun related crimes. The government passed another law called the Bradey Law. The Bradey Law allows five day wait on the purchase of a handgun so a check can be done on the personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s background. None of these laws seem to decrease the amount of deaths caused by hand guns. The media play part in more laws being applied against guns and ammos. The media also helped to have bullets that may penetrate bulletproof armor get banned, but the bullets were made especially for law enforcement and licensed dealers. All of these laws should be made unconstitutional because it goes against individualsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ right to bear arms. They should find some other ways to deal with gun related crimes and violence. The United States of America was founded by people who believe that owning guns are to protect what they think is right. The constitution gives everyone the right to bear arms and protect themselves. Laws against guns should be unconstitutional but the laws were made because it is what some individuals want. The ban on assault rifles was in effect in the May of 1994. Many assault style weapons and broad categories encompassing many more semiautomatic firearms were among that were banned. Some weapons were banned, and were only used for three percent of all gun related crimes in 1993. Most of the crimes include murders were committed with handguns. The only reason for making to set these laws was to make the people feel good and safe. The reason for many to wait on obtain is to make sure no criminals or mentally disturbed individuals can buy guns. Did anybody really think that solve any of the problems? Many do not think so. The law prevented about 45 thousand individuals from getting guns. This number does not even compare to the number of deaths caused by guns. If the government really wants to stop the amount of killings, they would have to enforce gun education and enforce stricter punishment on murders. The media continue to play hugh part in gun control. If the news reported something was bad or wrong, people would always take their side and views. Rhino Bullets were banned also because of the media. What many individuals did not hear or understand was that they were for law enforcement officers and licensed dealers only. The bullets were banned because of lack of information. Society is the one who suffers because most people got the wrong image about the Rhino Bullets. When individuals are dealing with the interpretation of the Constitution, there are many views they can take. They can view the Constitution as a living document or in its original understanding. The main understanding that people are guided by is what the Framers of the Constitution had in mind when they created them. The Constitution may also be viewed as a living document, in which the interpretation should be surveyed in light of todays social and politics environments. Bill Clede ideas seem to be guild by the idea of the Constitution being a living document. When the Second Amendment was written, it already had a major impact on this country because state and national governments were unable, and were lacked the power to protect the people. The Amendment gave the power to the people to have guns for protection. As Mr. Clede points out, it was not the intent or purpose of the Amendment to give unlimited rights to the people. Many do not believe that the people are responsible enough to have the unlimited rights they seem to have under the second amendment. Clede stated that does not mean that the government can constitutionally prohibit all weapons, but it probably meant that the government can reasonably regulated and limit their use. Many individuals agreed with Cledes point. The nature of the Constitution is very vague. The second amendment stated that a well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of Free States, the right of the individuals to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. The Constitution never defined or gi ves examples of what a well-regulated militia is or types of weapons deemed reasonable for protection. It should be left to congress, or more importantly the Supreme Court to interrupt this vague language. Many individuals think that the government could reasonable regulate guns, without compromising the second amendment, but like Clede, some believe congress should concentrate more on who is using the guns and not guns themselves. Patrick Henry felt that all of us should preserve our public liberties, and if need be by force. Patrick Henry stated that the great objective is that, every man be armed. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams also had the same views as Patrick Henry that every man should have the right to own weapons (guns) for private self-defense. Our forefathers felt that it was very important for people to bear arms for protection of property, life, or limb. When they created a document that protected these rights, this seems to be evident because to right to bear arms is in the Second Amendment. Once again, this issue must be raised, and the forefathers foresee a time when this freedom that they embraced would not cause such wide-spread crime in the country. Individuals asked how can they maintain their individual rights, and yet get the guns out of the hands of convicted felons, drug addicts, and people who are mentally impaired from owning guns as Clede described. Many self-respect gun owners are i n favor of a waiting period before the purchasing of any type of gun. Clede has clearly taken the stand of some type of tighter control on the sale of weapons, but without touching the Second Amendment. A major problem that has been addressed in Cledes statement is that no matter what changes, the element in this country will always be, any individual be able to obtain guns. Perhaps individuals should take a closer look at the manufacture of guns and why they are manufactured in such abundance when the numbers of guns already surpass the population of this country. Although state and federal laws forbid the ownership of automatic weapons, but they can easily be obtained for the right price, and always to the criminals in our society. These are the problems that should be made aware of, not the outright banning of guns.

Biography Of Karl Marx :: essays research papers

Karl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in the city of Trier in the Rhine province of Prussia, now in Germany. Marx was an economic theorist who composed the idea of communism which included the idea of all the people owning all the property and infrastructure. These theories played a large role in international politics and the cold war in the mid to late 20th century. Marx was the oldest surviving boy of nine children. (Perhaps this is where his theory on equality of resources began. Competing with eight brothers and sisters for attention would have seen an unequal distribution of the parent’s resources to the children) His mother, born Henrietta Pressburg, was from Holland. Both parents were Jewish and were descended from a long line of rabbis, but, a year or so before Karl was born, his father--probably because his professional career required it--was baptized in the Evangelical Established Church. Karl was baptized when he was six years old. Even though Karl was baptized as a youth he still faced discrimination because of his Jewish background. (Marx may have seen from this discrimination that religion wasn’t necessary and was “ the opium of the masses) In October 1835 Marx matriculated at the University of Bonn. The courses he attended were exclusively in the humanities, in subjects such as Greek and Roman mythology and the history of art. He participated in the usual student activities got involved in a fight and spent a day in jail for being drunk and disorderly. Mark left the University and enrolled at the Berlin University to start a law degree. Here Marx joined a Hegelian club these clubs followed the teachings of a philosopher called Hegel. The club denounced religion particularly Christianity. In January 1842 Marx began contributing to a newspaper newly founded in Cologne, the Rheinische Zeitung. It was the liberal democratic organ of a group of young merchants, bankers, and industrialists. By October 1842 Marx became editor of the newspaper. Marx built up the circulation and began writing controversial editorials. Eventually the Prussian authorities suspended production of the newspaper because it was seen as being too controversial. In June 1843 Marx married his fiancà ©e of seven years, Jenny von Westphalen. They moved to Paris which was at the time the centre of socialist thought. Marx met his life long buddy Frederich Engels here and they wrote the French – German yearbook.

Baseball Stats

Appendix Data Set Howell and Huessy (1985) reported on a study of 386 children who had, and had not, exhibited symptoms of attention deficit disorder (ADD)—previously known as hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction—during childhood. In 1965 teachers of all second-grade school children in a number of schools in northwestern Vermont were asked to complete a questionnaire for each of their students dealing with behaviors commonly associated with ADD.Questionnaires on these same children were again completed when the children were in the fourth and fifth grades and, for purposes of this data set only, those three scores were averaged to produce a score labeled ADDSC. The higher the score, the more ADD-like behaviors the child exhibited. At the end of ninth grade and again at the end of twelfth grade, information on the performances of these children was obtained from school records. These data offer the opportunity to examine questions about whether later behavior can be predicted from earlier behavior and to examine academically related variables and their interrelationships. A description of each variable follows. †¢ ADDSCAverage of three ADD-like behavior scores †¢ GENDER1 = male; 2 = female †¢ REPEAT1 = repeated at least one grade; 0 = did not repeat †¢ IQIQ obtained from a group-administered IQ test †¢ ENGLLevel of English in 9th grade: 1 = college prep; 2 = general; 3 = remedial †¢ ENGGGrade in English in 9th grade: 4 = A, etc. †¢ GPAGrade point average in 9th grade †¢ SOCPROBSocial problems in 9th grad: 1 = yes; 0 – no †¢ DROPOUT1 = dropped out before completing high school; 0 = did not drop out The data are available at http://www. uvm. du/~dhowell/fundamentals7/DataFiles/Add. dat ASRIEEGSD DEEQ NN P0R DX PGG AC O S EL G PP C A RO TOU BT 45 10111232. 6000 5010102232. 7500 4910108244. 0000 5510109222. 2500 3910118233. 0000 6811 79221. 6701 6911 88222. 2511 5610102243. 4000 5810105311. 3300 4810 92243. 5000 3410131243. 7500 5020104132. 6700 8510 83232. 7510 4910 84222. 0000 5110 85232. 7500 5310110222. 5000 3620121143. 5500 6220120232. 7500 4620100243. 5000 5020 94222. 7511 4720 89123. 000 5020 93243. 2500 4420128243. 3000 5020 84232. 7500 2920127143. 7500 4920106232. 7500 2610137233. 0000 8511 82321. 7511 5310106232. 7510 5310109221. 3300 7210 91220. 6700 3510111222. 2500 4210105221. 7500 3710118243. 2500 4610103321. 7500 4810101133. 0000 4610101333. 0000 4911 95233. 0000 6511108233. 2500 5210 95332. 2510 7511 98211. 0001 5810 82232. 5001 4320100133. 0000 6020100232. 4000 4310107122. 0000 5110 95222. 7500 7011 97232. 6711 6911 93222. 0000 6511 81122. 0000 6320 89221. 6700 4420111243. 0000 6121 95211. 5001 4020106243. 7500 6220 83310. 6700 5910 81221. 000 4720115144. 0000 5020112233. 0000 5020 92232. 3300 6520 85221. 7500 5420 95323. 0000 4420115243. 7500 6620 91242. 6711 3420107143. 5000 7420102200. 6700 5721 86332. 2500 6020 96133. 0010 3620114233. 5000 5010105221. 7 500 6010 82211. 0000 4510120233. 0000 5510 88211. 0001 4410 90132. 5000 5720 85232. 5000 3320106143. 7500 3020109143. 5000 6410 75321. 0010 4911 91232. 2500 7610 96221. 0000 4010108232. 5000 4810 86232. 7500 6510 98220. 7500 5010 99221. 3000 7010 95211. 2500 7810 88331. 5000 4410111223. 0000 4810103212. 0000 5210107222. 0000 4010118222. 5000

African Americans and Slavery

African Americans and Slavery in the Revolutionary period The American Revolution was a time of great turmoil for all men and women in the United States. Great debates came and went during this time; slavery and the freedom of black men being the main problems in these debates. Slaves were used for a great number of things during the American revolutionary period. The arrival of slavery to the American colonies began in the 1600s and started out in Virginia.As the years passed more and more African-Americans were brought into the colonies to be used as labor workers. The beginning amount of slaves continued to grow and by the beginning of the revolution there were about 273,000 slaves spread throughout the American states. With the coming of the revolution all African-Americans, slave or free, knew something was coming and each had a different response to these comings. There were differences in the responses of slaves and free men during the American Revolution. There were also cons equences to their choices. Gaining freedom in a land of captivity and wresting equality from a society whose founding documents guarantee it has been the consuming desire and everlasting hope that has kept harrowed bodies and weary souls going. † In the southern states African-American slaves were treated harsher than those in the north. The plantations down south required back –breaking hours of work in the sun that White Americans believed could only be done by those they had bought. There was a reason for them to be there and until they could no longer work they were to do all things imaginable for their owners, no questions asked.Some of these slaves thought it was easier to run away from their owners and that in doing so they would have a chance to fight for their country. Slaves could either flee to the north or they could flee to Spanish owned Florida. In cases where a master was called upon to fight, they would send a slave in their place and if they lived long enough to return home they earned freedom. Many of the slaves decided that if they had a chance to gain their freedom by joining the war effort then they would gladly take their masters place.They also believed that with the beginning to the revolutionary period would bring a new deed to the land and when it was over there would no longer be a need for slaves. The consequences for slaves in the south were innumerable. Like many slaves, they took this time to run from slave masters and plantations. If these southern slaves were caught, depending on the owner, the slave could suffer mild to severe consequences. Depending on the demeanor of the owner a slave could be punished in several different ways. Whipping, branding, slapping, being dunked underwater, and kicking were just some forms of punishment.The most severe punishments were to cut off a body part like an ear in the hopes that the slave would learn and never run again. There were also â€Å"nice† slave owners that chos e not to punish their slaves. There justification for not punishing their slaves was so that they would continue to work and so that the owner could buy more slaves with the money that they continued to pool in from the work. Because of some owners that continuously harassed Washington, he stopped allowing slaves into his army. But General Washington, fearing rebellion, created an order that stated that all blacks were not allowed to fight.Later he partially reversed the order and allowed only free black men to fight with him. Some slaves believed that taking a chance to flee towards the north was a far-fetched idea. They were seeking freedom in the quickest possible way. Lord Dunmore sent out a proclamation that stated in exchange for freedom any black that came to him would fight against the patriots and become a loyalist. Dunmore’s promise of freedom fueled black slaves to escape and even some patriots fled to fight as a loyalist. After the war, true to his word, slaves ga ined their freedom.Some of these newly freed slaves went to Britain but many of them stayed in the Americas. On the other hand free men in the north believed the revolution would bring about change for the better. Their idea of the revolution was that they were being given the chance to gain independence from Great Britain and also for themselves. It was a defining moment in history that they were to be a part of. Fighting with white men gave these free black men a sense of honor and it also gave them a job where they could earn a little money to put towards getting homes and things of that nature.Men from the north gradually began to realize that they could fight with their brethren and bring independence to the land. General Washington passed an order stating that no black man was allowed into his army. This order came about because of general angst from some slave owners. These owners believed that there should not be any blacks fighting for the independence because they were onl y good for being slaves and they would never have say over anything. After some time Washington, fearing not having enough men to fight against the British, partially eversed this order to allow only free black men. Other than this there were not many consequences that are recorded for free black men. These free men not only fought for the independence of the nation but also for their independence and the independence of other black men and women. African-Americans from the north and south chose to join the continental army because they believed that they should help make the place the lived independent from a tyranny that had no say in the matters of a new country. They felt that this tyranny could take their rights and place them under unfair rule once again.Some of the freemen and slaves that had started out in the continental army decided to run to the British army but were not successful in their plights. Nash called the revolution the ‘greatest slave rebellion in America n history’ because it was just that. The revolution opened up new grounds for slaves to rebel against owners because it was the most opportune time for them to do so. â€Å"If any group within America’s diversified people came close to answering John Adams’s plea that ‘we must all be soldiers,’ it was black Americans.No part of revolutionary society responded to the call for arms with anywhere near the enthusiasm of those who were black. Proportionate to their number, African American males— and some females— were more likely to join the fray than white Americans. † According to this excerpt from another one of Nash’s books, African-Americans were much more adept to answering the plea of John Adams. If there were more African-American fighters than white that meant that more black males were subject to put themselves in danger in order to gain freedom.They would rather have one day of freedom, not knowing if they would di e in the next second, hour, or day, than be a slave for the rest of their lives. This is one of the reasons why Nash called the revolution the ‘greatest slave rebellion in American history’. â€Å"Desperate to fill the thinned ranks of its regiments, states offered freedom†¦ to serve during the continuance of the present war with Great Britain. Every black enlistee would be ‘immediately discharged from the service of his master or mistress, and be absolutely free, as if he had never been encumbered with any kind of servitude or slavery. If states were desperate to have more men come into their ranks then there was nothing really stopping slaves from escaping their masters and coming to fight. They all wanted freedom from someone. Slaves wanted freedom from their bonds that were tied to the soil they worked and the Americans wanted freedom from Great Britain. Both groups had their reasons to fight and the only way slaves knew how to become free was to rebel a nd run to an army. This was a time for large rebellions on all fronts not just from the slaves.It was a rebellion against the British from the former colonists and a rebellion against the men and women that were taken from their homes to somehow create new ones. â€Å"It may have been, as Nash says ‘the greatest slave rebellion in American history,’ but for most of the rebels it ended like the others, in death. Slaves who supported the American side fared better, but not much better. Only with great reluctance did Washington allow some to join his army. Other Virginians had another wartime use for them.In 1780 the state legislature offered salves as a bounty for enlistment in the war against British tyranny. The revolution did see enactment of measures for gradual emancipation in the northern states, but the number who benefited was small. † My view on the American Revolution has changed somewhat because of how the African-Americans were treated during and after the period of war. The Americans act as though they had not been fighting alongside each other and because of this withhold distaste for the blacks.The completely disregard the idea that every man is created equal and has certain unalienable rights. They do not extend these ideas that were written down on the Declaration of Independence to the free black Americans. Men that had fought with and under Washington were not looked as the same because the color of their skin and were not given the same rights. Because of how they were treated I see the Revolution more as a war against Britain to save other whites from tyranny rather than to gain independence for all mankind. ——————————————– 1 ]. Gary B. Nash, The Forgotten Fifth: African Americans in the Age of Revolution (Harvard University: 2006), 1. [ 2 ]. Taymor, . â€Å"US History Documents. † Last modified 2005. Accessed J anuary 27, 2013. http://inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. [ 3 ]. Taymor, . â€Å"US History Documents. † Last modified 2005. Accessed January 27, 2013. http://inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. [ 4 ]. Edmund S. Morgan, review of The Unknown American Revolution: The

How skilful communication influence patients’ health behaviours The WritePass Journal

How skilful communication influence patients’ health behaviours Abstract How skilful communication influence patients’ health behaviours , p. 45).  Ã‚   The healthy belief model explains how healthy people seek to avoid illnesses by outlining the nature of people’s preventative healthcare. The model is designed to indicate how personal health behaviours are influenced by perceived threats and benefits. It emphasises on perceptions and beliefs that can be modified to result in changed health behaviour. In this model communication is perceived as an essential tool for influencing the behaviour of the patients. The health belief model for compliance is an expansion of the health belief model and it includes the beliefs of patients that are already suffering from illnesses and have to comply with treatment. It aims at predicting compliance of patients to treatment to assist healthcare professionals in designing interventions to suit the needs of individual patients (Hugman 2009, p. 33). The King’s interaction model explains the communication between a nurse and a patient. It incorporates transactional aspe cts of human communication and the need for feedback. The model regards the trust between the nurse and the patient as vital in the effectiveness of the communication process. The model for participative decision making for patient doctor interaction postulates that when clients don’t get enough information from doctors or when there are communication barriers then they are likely to reject the treatment or decrease compliance (Eisenberg 2012, p.24).   Therefore, the patients are supposed to be fully informed on their conditions and all the available options for treatment. The development model for health communication focuses on the communication occurring within the various relationships in healthcare settings. Its emphasis is on how different factors and contexts influence the interactions between different individuals in health communication. All the participants have their own perspectives based on their individual beliefs and values. These perspectives influence the c hoice of the participants to interact with the others and as such healthcare personnel must always have this in mind (Hugman 2009, p.71).   Importance of Skilful Communication as an Aspect of Care In an attempt to show the importance of communication in healthcare delivery, it is apparent that communication and healthcare delivery are indivisible. Delivery of healthcare to the patients encompasses more than just the administration of drugs. Healthcare delivery has moved from the task oriented practice it was in the past towards a therapeutic process that involves a wide range of roles focused on the health of the individual patients, their health and wellbeing (Tamparo Lindh 2008, p. 69).   The therapeutic effect of good communication between healthcare professionals and patients on healthcare delivery cannot be ignored. Provision of social support to the patients reassures them and can even lower blood pressure. Patients regard the health professionals who communicate effectively at an emotional level as warm, caring and empathetic. This enables the patients to engender trust in them and encourages them to disclose worries and concerns that they would have otherwise not ha ve disclosed. In addition to this, useful and informative communication between the healthcare professionals and the patients encourages them to take more interest in their condition, ask pertinent questions and develop greater understanding and self-care (Jones Jenkins 2007, p.38). It is this interest and understanding of the importance of self-care that drives the patients to positively change their health behaviours. This happens especially when the patients are allowed to ask questions and are involved in treatment decisions. The patients also experience benefits when the health professionals provide a good environment, give accurate information, use therapeutic communication and encourage positive motivation (Nemeth 2008, p. 93). Therefore good communication in the relationship between healthcare professionals and patients is an important tool for therapeutic intervention as well as good care. Basic communication skills alone are not sufficient to create and sustain successful therapeutic relationship between the patients and the healthcare providers. Successful therapeutic relationships are made up of shared perceptions and feelings on the nature of the problem, objectives of treatment and psychological support. Interpersonal skills develop from the basic communication between the doctors, nurses and other carers with the patients. Appropriate communication should be centred on both the carers and the patients as both sides are important in building and sustaining interpersonal relationships. The ultimate goal of any communication between the medical personnel and the patients is always to improve the health of the patients and medical care. Good communication skills are required for developing a high quality, effective and safe healthcare delivery. The skills are important for gathering information, diagnosis, treatment and educating the patients (Nemeth 2008, p.55). Eff ective communication benefits both the doctors and the patients because they are part of the treatment process. Previous studies on communication between the patients and doctors and nurses demonstrate that many patients are discontented even when the doctors and nurses consider it sufficient or excellent (Pilnick et al 2010, p 47). This implies that doctors and nurses often tend to overestimate their communication abilities. Patient surveys consistently indicate that the want the communication between them and the healthcare personnel to be improved (Tamparo Lindh 2008, p.88). In the past most of the medical personnel considered disclosing bad news to patients as inhumane and detrimental to their medical condition.   However, medical practice has now evolved from paternalism to individualism and is now characterised by shared decision making and communication that is centred on the patients.   Effective communication between the doctors and the patients is very important in clinical function because it plays a central role in healthcare delivery. Perhaps the most significant importance of communication in influencing health behaviour of the patients stems from the fact that the nature of health care is changing from treatment of illnesses to management of chronic disease as more and more people are now living with survivable chronic illnesses (Van 2009, p.74). This implies that the healthcare professionals need to encourage the patients to take good care of their health. For instance the patients living with diabetes are required to manage their blood sugar levels. Quality of life is more important to healthcare as patients are now living longer with chronic illnesses like cancer and bipolar disorders. Therefore treatment choice is now more dependent on the individual patients and must suit their preferences, values and expectations.   Conclusion Communication is an important tool that healthcare personnel can use to pass useful information to the patients. Well educated patients and their families need to be informed to make important health decisions in order to attain the aims of managed healthcare. Healthcare professionals need to disseminate relevant and persuasive information to the patients to help them change their health behaviours. They can rely on the models of healthcare communication to communicate to the patients based on their individual characteristics. References Bryan, K. (2009).  Communication in healthcare. Oxford [England: Peter Lang. Eisenberg, A. M. (2012).  Prescriptive communication for the healthcare provider. S.l.: Trafford On Demand Pub. Hugman, B. (2009).  Healthcare communication. London: Pharmaceutical Press. Jones, R., Jenkins, F. (2007).  Key topics in healthcare management: Understanding the big picture. Oxford: Radcliffe. Muller, P. (2001).  Healthcare communication: A rhetorical handbook. San Jose: Writers Club Press. Nemeth, C. P. (2008).  Improving healthcare team communication: Building on lessons from aviation and aerospace. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Pilnick, A., Hindmarsh, J., Gill, V. T. (2010).  Communication in Healthcare Settings: Policy, Participation and New Technologies. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Tamparo, C. D., Lindh, W. Q. (2008).  Therapeutic communications for health care. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Van, S. G. M. (2009).  Communication skills for the health care professional: Concepts, practice, and evidence. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Webb, L. (2011).  Nursing: Communication skills in practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Select an organisation of your choice and provide an in-depth analysis Assignment

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Explain and analyse the conflicts between Sociological theories of Essay

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